Introduction to Modal Verbs (Can, Could, May, Might)

Ability & Possibility

Modal verbs are special helping verbs in English. They are used with a main verb to express ideas like ability, possibility, permission, or requests. They are easy to use. You always use them with another main verb. Today, we will learn can, could, may, and might for ability and possibility.

Using ‘Can’ and ‘Could’ for Ability

’Can’ for Present Ability

We use ‘can’ to talk about a general skill or something you are able to do in the present.

‘Could’ for Past Ability

We use ‘could’ to talk about a general ability you had in the past.

Note: To say you were not able to do something, use ‘could not’ or the contraction ‘couldn’t’.

Using ‘May’ and ‘Might’ for Possibility

’May’ for a Possible Future Event

We use ‘may’ to say that something is possible in the future. It might happen.

‘Might’ for a Less Certain Possibility

We use ‘might’ to say that something is possible, but we are less certain about it.

Tip: In everyday speaking, ‘may’ and ‘might’ are often used the same way. But ‘might’ can show you are a little less sure.

Summary: Can, Could, May, Might

Let’s remember:

Can/Could → For ability (what you are able to do now or in the past)
May/Might → For possibility (something that is possible now or in the future)

Practice Exercise

Test your understanding with these sentences. Choose the correct modal verb:

“She ____ speak French when she lived in Paris.” (could/can)
“They ____ visit us next weekend, but they are not sure.” (may/might)

(Answers: 1. could, 2. might)